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Crimes Against Humanity: the Liability of Legal Persons
16.02.2026 - (Last modified: 18.02.2026)
Roger Lumbala, on trial in France for complicity in crimes against humanity in the DRC, has rejected the legitimacy and jurisdiction of the French courts to try him, dismissed his defense team, and refused to appear before court.
The trial of Lumbala, who had previously cooperated with the investigation, will proceed despite his absence. The court has appointed one...
Justice and international law, long taken for granted, are now - just after civilians - among the first victims of the multiplication of conflicts and the trivialization of impunity. Over the coming years, TRIAL International will place the fight against double standards and for fair justice at the heart of its mission. That’s why, in May, we filed two denunciations w...
DRC and Swiss Corporate Responsibility – Let’s Take Action Together!
20.02.2025 - (Last modified: 24.03.2025)Justice in action: 10 years of fighting against impunity in the DRC!
28.11.2024 - (Last modified: 29.04.2025)4 March 2024 – Day 14: The Prosecutor’s closing arguments
05.03.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
Part 3: The sentencing
After pleading Ousman Sonko’s responsibility for each and every charge, the prosecutor went on to discuss sentencing.
According to Swiss law:
The sentence is to be assessed according to the culpability of the offender, which is to be determined on the basis of the severity of the violation or the endangerment of the legal interest...
4 March 2024 – Day 14: The Prosecutor’s closing arguments
04.03.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
Part 2: The charges
After describing the Gambian context and Ousman Sonko’s knowledge of the generalized and systematic attacks against the civilian population since the early years of Yahya Jammeh’s presidency, the Prosecutor addressed the Court on the accused’s criminal responsibility for the various specific crimes with which he is charged.
Murder of a former m...
4 March 2024 – Day 14: The Prosecutor’s closing arguments
04.03.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
Part 1: The context
After having formally opened the session, the Court rejected the defense’s request to postpone the closing arguments to April 2024 in order for him to get more time to prepare his arguments and review the case in light of very recent case law.
The Court then gave the floor to the Prosecutor
“A system that must take life must first give justi...
23-24 January 2024 – Days 12-13: Evidence requests, procedural decision and trial suspe...
25.01.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
The 23rd of January 2024 marked the termination of all the parties’ hearings. In accordance with the procedural code, the parties were then given the opportunity to request additional evidence.
The Prosecutor and the plaintiffs recalled that several persons could still be heard in order to support the existence of a system set up to repress the civilian populat...
23 January 2024 – Day 12: Interrogation of Ousman Sonko on the March 2006 charges
24.01.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
(acts of torture, false imprisonment and sexual violence committed as crimes against humanity)
As part of an attempted coup d’état in March 2006, Ousman Sonko is being accused, as an accomplice of a group of perpetrators, of having tortured various people, including members of the army, politicians and journalists, of having illegally deprived them of their freedom...
Day 11: Examination of the March 2006 charges in relation to the persecution of journal...
23.01.2024 - (Last modified: 19.01.2026)
(acts of torture, false imprisonment and sexual violence committed as crimes against humanity)
As part of an attempted coup d’état in March 2006, Ousman Sonko is being accused, as an accomplice of a group of perpetrators, of having tortured various people, including members of the army, politicians and journalists, of having illegally deprived them of their freedom...



