Roger Lumbala Tshitenga is the former leader of the non-state armed group “Congolese Rally for National Democracy” (RCD-N). He was arrested in 2020 in Paris and indicted in 2023 for his alleged complicity in and conspiracy to commit crimes against humanity, namely murder, torture, rape, pillage and enslavement, including sexual slavery, in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2002 and 2003. His trial will take place from 12 November to 19 December 2025 in Paris.

Michael Correa was a member of the “Junglers” death squad of former Gambian President Jammeh. In 2020 he was charged with torture and conspiracy to commit torture of at least six people in 2006. His trial took place in April 2025 in Denver. For the first time, a US jury found a non-US citizen guilty for torture committed abroad. He is the third person tried under universal jurisdiction for crimes committed under Jammeh’s regime. The jury found him guilty of all counts and on 22 August 2025 the judge sentenced him to 810 months, or 67.5 years, in prison.

Khaled Nezzar, former Algerian Minister of Defence, was arrested in Geneva in 2011, following a denunciation by TRIAL International. After lengthy proceedings, he was indicted for war crimes in August 2023. He died in December 2023. His trial had been scheduled to take place in June-July 2024. In March 2025, the Complaints Court of the Swiss FCC rejected the request of two plaintiffs for the recognition of a denial of justice. As a consequence, they lodged a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights on 7 July 2025.

Ousman Sonko was The Gambia’s Minister of Interior in 2006-2016, during the dictatorship of Yahya Jammeh. TRIAL International filed a criminal complaint against him in 2017 in Switzerland. His trial took place in early 2024. The FCC sentenced him to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity on 15 May 2024. He is the highest-ranking official ever tried for international crimes under universal jurisdiction in Europe. An appeal procedure is ongoing.

Rifaat al-Assad, uncle of ousted president Bashar al-Assad, has been under investigation in Switzerland since 2013 for his alleged role in the massacre of the Syrian city of Hama in February 1982 by the “Defense brigades”, he was commanding at the time. The OAG indicted him in March 2024 for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Since the fall of the al-Assad regime in December 2024, his whereabouts are unknown.

Bai Lowe, former member of the “Junglers” death squad of former Gambian President Yahya Jammeh, was sentenced to life on 30 November 2023 in Germany for crimes against humanity. His conviction was confirmed by the Federal Court of Justice on 29 November 2024. It was the first trial held under universal jurisdiction for crimes committed in The Gambia during the Jammeh era.

Kwenga Omari, alias Donat, is a Congolese national and former leader of a Raia Mutomboki militia accused of crimes against humanity, allegedly committed in the territories of Shabunda and Kalehe in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 2017 and 2021.

On May 20, the trial of a dozen militiamen, local politicians and representatives of the Congolese security forces for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Kamonia territory between 2017 and 2018 opened in Tshikapa (Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo).

Yuri Harauski is a former member of an elite unit of the troops of the Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs (SOBR), created by President Lukashenko in 1998. He stated in the media in 2019 that he had been involved in three enforced disappearances of political opponents in 1999. A complaint was filed against him in 2021 and his trial took place in September 2023 in Switzerland.