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The brutal crackdown led by the Syrian regime against its civil society since March 2011 escalated in a conflict that caused more than 400’000 deaths, mainly of civilians. The crackdown also included innumerable arbitrary detentions, enforced disappearances, and cases of systematic torture in detention centres. In the early years of the conflict, the regime of Bashar...

Lafarge is a French company created in 1833 and considered as a global leader in construction material and as one of the major actors in cement, aggregates and concrete production. The company is present and active in 61 countries, including Syria. It merged with the Swiss Group Holcim in July 2015. The company declares a sales annual revenue of 8,6 billion euros in t...

Mohamad K. is a former member of the Free Syrian Army (FSA). He was accused of having committed war crimes in Idlib, Syria. Jointly with two other members of the FSA, Mohamad allegedly captured and detained two members of an armed group fighting on the side of the Syrian government for an unknown period of time between January 2012 and January 2013. To punish the deta...

In November 2012, Mustafa K., Abdullah K., Sultan K., and Ahmed K. allegedly joined Jabhat al-Nusra (rebellious terrorist group) in Syria and fought against Syrian government troops in the city of Ras al-Ayn in northern Syria. Mustafa K., Sultan K., and other Jabhat al-Nusra members reportedly captured an official of the regime of Bashar al-Assad and forced his family...

Rafiq Shahadah is a general of the Syrian armed forces, who served as adviser to President Bashar al-Assad on strategic issues and military intelligence. He was appointed head of military intelligence in July 2012. Since 2011 he has been targeted by European sanctions because of his supposed leadership of the military intelligence in charge of internal affairs in Dama...