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(17-21 November 2025) Expert witnesses and civil-party NGOs Roger Lumbala and his defence did not appear in court throughout the second week of the trial. Day Four - 17 November The week opened with testimony of Xavier Macky Kisembo, from the civil party NGO  Justice Plus, who explained the rigorous methodology used to identify victims and prepare civi...

(12-14 November 2025) The TRIAL BEGINS The first day was dedicated to procedural foundations: a jury was selected and the Presiding judge delivered an overview of the indictment, outlining the context, allegations, investigative findings, and the legal basis for the charges. The court also detailed the steps taken in DRC to arrange for witness hearings, incl...

Roger Lumbala, on trial in France for complicity in crimes against humanity in the DRC, has rejected the legitimacy and jurisdiction of the French courts to try him, dismissed his defense team, and refused to appear before court. The trial of Lumbala, who had previously cooperated with the investigation, will proceed despite his absence. The court has appointed one...

  Who is Roger Lumbala and what charges does he face? Roger Lumbala is a Congolese national and former leader of the non-state armed group the Congolese Rally for National Democracy (RCD-N). The RCD-N operated in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 2000 to 2003. Lumbala was later minister for foreign trade of the transitional Congol...

U.S. Federal Court will be conducting sentencing hearing of former Jungler, Michael Sang Correa on 22 August 2025, in Denver, Colorado, USA. On 15 April 2025, after a five-day trial in U.S. federal court, a Denver jury found Michael Sang Correa guilty of five counts of torture and one count of conspiracy to commit torture. Mr. Correa was a member of the Junglers, a...